Mukuita kwekunyungudika kana kupisa kushanda kwesimbi, nekuda kwezvimwe zvinhu (zvakadai sezvisina-metallic inclusions, magasi, kusarudzwa kwemaitiro kana kushanda kusina kunaka, nezvimwewo).Kukanganisa mukati kana pamusoro pepombi yesimbi isina musonozvinokanganisa zvakanyanya kunaka kwechinhu kana chigadzirwa, uye dzimwe nguva zvinotungamira kune icho chinhu kana chigadzirwa kuraswa.
Porosity, mabubbles, shrinkage crater residues, non-metallic inclusions, kupatsanurwa, mavara machena, makatsemuka uye akasiyana abnormal fracture defectsinotonhora inokweva seamless simbi mapaipiinogona kuwanikwa kuburikidza ne macroscopic kuongorora.Pane nzira mbiri dzekuongorora macro: acid leaching yekuongorora uye fracture yekuongorora.Iwo akajairika macroscopic defects anoratidzwa ne acid leaching anotsanangurwa muchidimbu pazasi:
1. Kuzviparadzanisa nevamwe
Chikonzero chekuumbwa: Panguva yekukanda uye kusimba, zvimwe zvinhu zvinoungana nekuda kwekusarudza crystallization uye kupararira, zvichikonzera kuumbwa kwemakemikari asina kufanana.Zvinoenderana nenzvimbo dzakasiyana dzekugovera, inogona kukamurwa kuita ingot mhando, kupatsanura kwepakati uye kupatsanurwa kwenzvimbo.
Macroscopic features: Pane acid leaching samples, kana yakamurwa kuita zvinoparadza kana gasi inclusions, ruvara rwakasviba, chimiro hachina kurongeka, chakaita concave zvishoma, pasi pakadzika, uye kune akawanda dense microporous point.Kana iyo resinger element ikaungana, ichave yakapfava-ruvara, isina kurongeka, yakapfava microbump.
2. kusununguka
Chikonzero chekuumbwa: Panguva yekusimbisa simbi, simbi haigone kusungirirwa panguva yekupisa kwekushanda nekuda kwekupedzisira kusimba shrinkage yeyakaderera melting point zvinhu uye kuburitswa kwegasi kugadzira voids.Maererano nekugoverwa kwavo, vanogona kukamurwa kuva mapoka maviri: central loose uye general loose.
Macroscopic features: Pa lateral hot acid leaching surface, ma pores ane irregular polygons uye makomba ane nhete pasi, kazhinji painoparadzana.Muzviitiko zvakakomba, pane katsika kekubatanidza kuita spongy chimiro.
3. Inclusions
Chikonzero chekugadzira:
① Kunze kwesimbi inclusions
Chikonzero: Panguva yekudurura, simbi dzesimbi, zvidhinha zvesimbi uye mashizha esimbi zvinowira muingot mold, kana iron alloy yakawedzerwa pamagumo ekunyunguduka haisi kunyunguduka.
Macroscopic maficha: Pamapepa akaiswa, kazhinji maumbirwo ejometri ane mipendero yakapinza uye musiyano weruvara wakasiyana kubva kune zvakatenderedza.
② Kunze zvisiri zvesimbi inclusions
Chikonzero: Panguva yekudurura, zvinhu zvinoramba zvechigadziko chechoto uye madziro emukati emvura yekudira hazvina kuyangarara kana kusvuura musimbi yakanyungudutswa.
Macroscopic Features: Mahombe asiri-metallic inclusions anoonekwa zviri nyore, nepo madiki inclusions achiita ngura nekusvuura, achisiya maburi madiki akatenderera.
③ Flip ganda
Chikonzero chekuumbwa: Simbi yakanyungudutswa ine semi-yakapora firimu pamusoro peiyo ingot yepasi.
Macroscopic maitiro: Rudzi rweasidhi leaching sampu yakasiyana neyakaitenderedza, uye chimiro hachina kurongeka chakakombama mitsetse yakatetepa, uye kazhinji pane oxide inclusions uye pores zvakatenderedza.
4. Shukira
Chikonzero chekuumbwa: Paunenge uchikanda ingot kana kukanda, mvura iri mukati memukati haigone kudzokororwa nekuda kwekuderera kwevhoriyamu panguva yekupedzisira condensation, uye musoro weingot kana kukanda unoumba macroscopic cavity.
Macroscopic features: Iyo shrinkage cavity iri pakati peiyo laterally acid leached sample, uye nzvimbo yakatenderedza inowanzoparadzaniswa, yakasanganiswa kana yakasununguka.Dzimwe nguva maburi kana kuputika kunogona kuoneka kusati kwaiswa, uye mushure mekucheka, zvikamu zvemakomba zvinosviba uye zvinotaridzika semakomba asina kukwinyana.
5. Mapupu
Chikonzero chekuumbwa: Kukanganisa kunokonzerwa nemagasi anogadzirwa uye anoburitswa panguva yekukanda ingot.
Macroscopic Zvimiro: Yakachinjika sampuli ine makatsemuka angangoita perpendicular kumusoro ine zvishoma oxidation uye decarburization padyo.Kuvapo kwemabhururu emhepo ari pasi pevhu kunonzi subcutaneous air bubbles, uye yakadzika subcutaneous air bubbles inonzi pinholes.Panguva yekugadzira, maburi aya asina oxidized uye asina kusungirirwa anowedzera kuita machubhu matete ane mapini madiki ari ega muchikamu chemuchinjikwa.Chikamu chemuchinjikwa chinofanana nekupatsanurwa kwenzvimbo nguva dzose, asi ruvara rwakasvibira mabhuru emukati emuzinga.
6. Vitiligo
Chikonzero chekuumbwa: Inowanzoonekwa sesimba rehydrogen uye kushushikana kwemaitiro, uye kupatsanurwa uye kubatanidzwa musimbi kunewo imwe pesvedzero, inova rudzi rwekutsemuka.
Macroscopic maficha: Mapfupi, matete akatsemuka pane inochinjika inopisa acid leached samples.Kune mavara machena akajeka esirivha yakakora-grained pakutsemuka kwelongitudinal.
7. Mutswe
Chikonzero chekugadzira: axial intergranular crack.Apo dendritic chimiro chakanyanya, kuputika kuchaonekwa pamwe chete nebazi guru uye pakati pematavi e-billet yakakura.
Kutsemuka kwemukati: Kutsemuka kunokonzerwa nekuforoma nekukunguruka zvisina kufanira.
Macroscopic maficha: Pamuchinjiko, iyo axial chinzvimbo inotsemuka ichitevedza intergranular, muchimiro chedandemutande, uye radial kupaza kunoitika mumatambudziko akaomarara.
8. Peta
Zvinokonzera kuumbwa: kusaenzana kwepamusoro mavanga einotonhora-inodhonzwa kabhoni simbi chubhukana simbi ingots panguva yekugadzira nekukunguruka, micheto inopinza nemakona akaturikidzanainotonhora-inodhonzwa seamless simbi chubhu, kana kuti zvinhu zvakaita senzeve zvakaumbwa nokuda kwemagadzirirwo kana kushanda kwemapasi zvisina kufanira, uye zvichiramba zvichikunguruka .yakanyanyisa panguva yekugadzirwa.
Macroscopic maficha: Pane inochinjika inopisa acid yekunyudza sampuli yeinotonhora inodhonzwa isina musono simbi pombi, pane yakatsemuka yakatsemuka pamusoro pesimbi, uye pane yakanyanya decarburization padyo, uye mutswe unowanzo uine oxide scale.
Nguva yekutumira: Nov-02-2022